Career in Quantity Surveying

Profession in Quantity Surveying Amount assessors come in two flavors. There is the PQS, Private Quantity Surveyor, who works in proficient practice and the CQS or Contractors Quantity Surveyor, who works for a structure temporary worker. The Quantity Surveyorâ is answerable for all the monetary, authoritative and legitimate parts of a development project.â The PQS will give cost arranging exhortation during the plan phase of a venture and afterward screen the real expenses against the spending plans while the undertaking is being built.â Building contractual workers are regularly paid month to month in portions on huge tasks and it is the amount assessors occupation to decide a reasonable valuation for the work that has been completed.â furthermore the PQS will prompt the customer on an appropriate type of building contract. The Contractors Quantity Surveyor will be associated with evaluating work that a temporary worker is approached to delicate for, letting bundles of work to authority subcontractors and esteeming and paying for subcontractors work. Similarly that the PQS gives cost arranging counsel to the customer the CQS gives money related guidance to the structure contractual worker. In the event that you think you are more gifted with figures than floor plans, at that point you may consider turning into an amount assessor the alleged financial expert of the development industry.â As an understudy amount assessor, Ruth Smart dealt with the McAlpine Stadium in Huddersfield ascertaining the development costs.â Listen to what she needs to state about her work by tapping on her link.â Hit Back on your program to come back to this page. In the event that you think you are more talented with figures than floor plans, at that point you may consider turning into an amount assessor the supposed market analyst of the development business. As an understudy amount assessor Ruth Smart chipped away at McAlpine Stadium in Huddersfield computing the development costs. The significant one of this arena was these they are called banana brackets since they are molded like bananas. The steel work that went into this arena was extravagant. There is a great deal concrete in this structure as should be obvious all the seats. The entire structure is concrete. The seats are put on concrete. Steps, tremendous, immense cash. The more pleasant bits are thing like you know the genuine pitch, and the lights every one of these additional items that you don’t consider which should be valued. The line markings, all that we need to consider everything, signage, large task. I contemplated amount looking over at Leeds and years 1 and 2 was spent in the school learning, year 3 was spent nearby at McAlpine Stadium and year 4 was my last year again spent in College. It wasn’t just reading material stuff it was things like figuring out how to assemble a block divider. What development was about the genuine physical structure of structures. Assessors who have been instructed in Britain are seen very well abroad. Two months after I graduated I began work out in Johannesburg, South Africa. Which was incredible loads of introduction. Tossed in at the profound end was incredible running my own occupations. I became contracted June 2000. It’s great in the way that on the off chance that you needed to set up your own training you must be sanctioned to do it for your expert repayment protection. It’s great additionally on the grounds that being sanctioned methods you are progressively qualified and you get a greater pay. And furthermore on the off chance that you enjoy a reprieve from your profession when you are contracted it’s simpler to get once more into your vocation. Collaboration in such an industry is significant on the grounds that there are loads of various gatherings you need to speak with and that you need to work with. The plan group being planner, amount assessor, engineer, contractual worker should all cooperate should all convey in light of the fact that without one another we couldn’t take care of business. I was pulled in to the development business since I had never met a lady who worked inside development and it was a test to me. I would state to a lady who was somewhat anxious about joining the business to pull out all the stops since I think it’s advantageous and she’d love it as I do. Amount Surveying Our group embraces a wide range of Quantity Surveying administrations for a wide-going customer base and property profile. We spread all parts of a venture, from plausibility through to by and large redevelopment, reliably applying various firm standards. These incorporate exacting monetary and hazard control consistently, constant worth building and cost-being used appraisals. Our Services Practicality and Planning Arrangement of an unambiguous explanation, setting out each client’s brief and destinations. Arrangement of beginning cost exhortation and a foreseen total out-turn cost. Beginning evaluations are later formed into itemized cost intends to screen the progressing cost of the plan advancement. Recognizable proof and control of the project’s dangers, which can ordinarily incorporate neighboring issues, get to issues, ground conditions and program limitations. Acquirement Suggestion on the type of agreement. The choice of contractual workers and related offering/arranging forms The arrangement of an unambiguous, brief and complete Agreement between all gatherings, precisely mirroring our client’s necessities and the contractor’s proposition. Arrangement of the temporary worker and creation of agreement documentation. Development Budgetary checking, including break installments and variety control Program observing Agreement activity and organization Constant giving an account of program and out-turn costs Finish Overseen ownership we can arrange and concur full, sectional or halfway ownership of a venture Understanding of conclusive record Beneficial administrations We flexibly a scope of valuable administrations, supplementing our other divisional partners by giving master cost and time basic investigation to them, where they might be answerable for the general support of the client.â Such administrations include: Employer’s specialist, as recognized by the JCT Standard Form of Contract Case support for questions emerging inside structure contracts Master observer identifying with issues of development Cost-being used/esteem building for elective development arrangements Advancement observing for outsiders Fire protection valuations Arranging management as perceived by the Health Safety Executive Capital remittance evaluations for expanded stipends against company charge Expense and VAT direction QS Description Amount assessors get ready quotes and plans, review ventures, oversee development costs and control development contracts for all levels and kinds of development. Amount assessors may play out the accompanying undertakings: converse with designers, engineers, developers, temporary workers, providers and undertaking proprietors study compositional and designing drawings and details set up a Bill of Quantities, which records the individual segments required to build the task beware of changes of configuration to evaluate the impacts on cost survey and prescribe installment to contractual workers during development get ready month to month income figures for customers and duty deterioration plans embrace achievability studies to aid choices about the value of an undertaking continuing go about as advisors to business and government. Amount assessors as a rule work in workplaces. They additionally visit building destinations, customers and different individuals from development groups. Individual Requirements: scientific and sensible ready to focus for significant stretches great oral and composed relational abilities ready to work precisely with figures ready to fill in as a component of a group ready to work freely fitness for working with PCs. RICS Progressively, Chartered Quantity Surveyors are turning out to be included when they ought to be: toward the beginning of the dynamic procedure. The job of the amount assessor has changed altogether as of late. Some time ago they would in general be acquired, past the point of no return in the day, to cost somebody else’s work and wound up being wrongly thrown in the job of the spoilsport who said it was very costly. Today the abilities are generally the equivalent yet critically the recognition and comprehension have changed. Progressively, amount assessors become included when they ought to be: toward the beginning of the dynamic procedure. While the essential job of an amount assessor stays to oversee costs on building or building destinations, ostensibly they are similarly as significant at giving thoughts and inventive arrangements in the beginning periods of the venture. Amount assessors are especially talented at taking the long view, evaluating the choices and at furnishing the customer with a full picture on which to decide. Take, for instance, an enormous new lodging complex requiring an entrance course. At the point when all the feel and ecological issues have been viewed as the choice is whether to go for the shorter more straightforward choice or for the more one. Hastily the shorter course appears to be progressively appealing yet point by point assessment uncovers costly extra building would be required. The full occupation particular for an amount assessor would alone fill this page yet run of the mill obligations include: getting ready quotes overseeing costs nearby informing on decision with respect to materials exhorting on development strategies managing arranging issues, building guidelines, draftsmen association in the acquirement procedure giving expense and agreement aptitude The kind of venture could run from enormous private or workplaces to motorways, water organizations or a games arena. Alasdair Thompson is a Divisional Director of Franklin + Andrews, one of the UK’s driving firms of amount assessors. With ten years’ experience Alasdair has an extremely away from of how amount assessors ought to be utilized: â€Å"There I

Kamote tops Essay

Yam Leaves (talbos ng kamote) Yam tops (kamote tops or talbos ng kamote) are the shoots and leaves of the yam plant that contains protein, lipids, sugars, calcium, iron, phosphorus and nutrients An and C. It is amazing wellspring of hostile to oxidative mixes, for the most part polyphenolics, which may shield the human body from oxidative pressure that is related with numerous illnesses including malignant growth and cardiovascular infections. It is moderately low in calories and has no fat and has the most noteworthy substance of absolute polyphenolics among other business vegetables examined. Studies additionally show that it can likewise be utilized as a solution for diabetes especially the purplish structure. Research additionally shows that the dietary substance of kamote tops or yam greens can counter assault the defeat of the platelet tally of anybody hit by dengue fever by drinking its juice. It supports the resistant arrangement of our body helping our body’s safeguards against this disorder. The juice is likewise extraordinary for individuals with draining issues like inner cervical draining and intestinal dying. It is set up by heating up the leaves including somewhat salt, sugar, or kalamansi to make it simpler to drink. Since it is anything but difficult to develop, you can discover these leaves anyplace and in the Philippines. In under a month from planting, you can begin reaping the tops and leaves therefore it is normally natural and safe creation it progressively sound and nutritious. While it is normally added as vegetable to dishes like sinigang, it very well may be eaten new in plates of mixed greens or with shrimp glue or fish sauce. It very well may be cooked in vinegar and soy sauce and presented with singed fish (Adobong talbos ng kamote). It can likewise be sautã ©ed instead of spinach adding them to pan-sears or a substitution to another notable green in the Philippines called Kangkong.

Marks and Spencer and John Lewis Pension Schemes Case Study

Imprints and Spencer and John Lewis Pension Schemes - Case Study Example As of not long ago laborers of M&S didn't need to make any commitment towards their own benefits from their pay and they were qualified for a little piece of their last compensation as retirement salary. In this way contrasted and John Lewis annuity conspire in which laborers don't need to make commitments towards the last compensation plan and retirement pay from their current pay rates, Marks and Spencer annuity plot has changed with the goal that laborers should make a last commitment towards their last pay plan or they may get brought down advantages later. There are irreconcilable situations among representatives and trustees in both John Lewis and Marks and Spencer. Anyway John Lewis is an association business which implies it is to a great extent constrained by workers. The worker trusts sufficiently keep up the advantages of representative proprietorship structures and in the event of John Lewis there is breakdown of the exacting polarity among representatives and trustees with representatives having direct possession to a degree. Anyway if there should be an occurrence of Marks& Spencer, the trustees are liable for subsidizing and the benefits conspire and the representative trustee differentiation is very evident with both potential and genuine clashes inside Marks and Spencer. The John Lewis Partnership had still... 3. Characterized Benefit/Defined Contribution. Which kind of arrangement suits every association and why The John Lewis Partnership had still as of late diminished the advantages of its annuity plan to reduce the expenses of its activities and upkeep. Anyway in the most recent year, with benefits up to 27% expansion, 85m has been set apart out for annuity based finances which would be almost 10% of the organization's spending plan (John Lewis, 2007). The benefits costs being high for the organization when contrasted and different organizations, the chopping down of annuity costs give sensible reserve funds to the organization. Ongoing changes in the M&S compensation plans imply that annuity commitment should accumulate benefits at a more slow rate or there must be confines on the rate at which pensionable pay rates rise. Commitment and advantages are tied if there should be an occurrence of M&S pay and annuity conspire as individuals add to their own pay and advantages by utilizing some for later retirement pay. If there should be an occurrence of John Lewis advantage plans, rep resentative commitments are not immediate and for the most part workers are dependent upon these plans for their advantage on retirement. 4. John Lewis Partnership isn't a cited organization. How does that influence its benefits strategy (if by any means) Is it a superior or more regrettable circumstance in such manner than Marks and Spencer John Lewis being not a cited organization yet rather run by the idea of association demonstrating that workers guarantee direct possession to the business (John Lewis, 2007). As of late John Lewis has additionally propelled a remarkable offer motivating force plan and it stays as essentially a representative possessed organization and this influences its annuity strategy that centers around an enormous portion of expenses on the

Expeditionary Learning Literature Analysis Essay Samples

Expeditionary Learning Literature Analysis Essay SamplesExpeditionary learning is a widely used method for people interested in becoming well-read. This approach allows students to earn their degree and take the college entrance exams while learning for the same. However, you must first be aware of the general guidelines that will help you earn a good grade in these examinations. Below are some expeditionary learning literary analysis essay samples you can use.A strategy essay sample is a perfect choice for those people who want to learn more about the most popular and effective ways of learning. These kinds of essay help students develop and further develop their strategies to succeed in school. Students are given sample essays that they can follow as they study. These essays include topics that all high school students will have to tackle.There are also essay samples for non-fiction classes where students have to write a scholarly and informative essay on a certain topic. These kin d of essays are meant to challenge students to give quality essays on important topics. This type of essay will also provide them with valuable information about how to improve their writing skills.One of the strategic essay samples is one about difficult topics. This essay is meant to test and measure the intelligence and initiative of the students. It is meant to bring out their potential to come up with insightful and quality essays on difficult topics. Other expeditionary learning literary analysis essay samples include ones about different countries and topics.Another expeditionary learning strategy that is really popular is the sample essay on the history of a certain country. This essay will help the students to relate different aspects of their study material to a historical context. Other expeditionary learning literary analysis essay samples include those on different types of martial arts. The historical background of a particular area is one of the most important things students have to consider before writing their essays.These are just some of the most useful expeditionary learning essay samples. There are many other essays, essays that cover different topics. This makes the choice of essay sample very tough. In this case, it is better to seek out people who can teach you. You can read through the essay samples to see if they are suitable to your learning style.Good essays are a sure way to obtain a good academic paper. For that, you have to find the best essay samples to give you what you need. Remember that you can use other essays, too.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

What is Direct Observation

There are many different kinds of field research in which researchers can take any number of roles. They can participate in the settings and situations they wish to study or they can simply observe without participating; they can immerse themselves in the setting and live among those being studied or they can come and go from the setting for short periods of time; they can go undercover and not disclose their real purpose for being there or they can disclose their research agenda to those in the setting. This article discusses direct observation with no participation. Direct Observation With No Participation Being a complete observer means studying a social process without becoming a part of it in any way. It is possible that, because of the researcher’s low profile, the subjects of the study might not even realize that they are being studied. For example, if you were sitting at a bus stop and observing jaywalkers at a nearby intersection, people would likely not notice you watching them. Or if you were sitting on a bench at a local park observing the behavior of a group of young men playing hacky sack, they probably would not suspect you were studying them. Fred Davis, a sociologist who taught at the University of California, San Diego, characterized this role of the complete observer as the Martian. Imagine you were sent to observe some newfound life on Mars. You would likely feel obviously separate and different from the Martians. This is how some social scientists feel when they observe cultures and social groups that are different from their own. It is easier and more comfortable to sit back, observe, and not interact with anyone when you are the Martian. How to Decide What Type of Field Research to Use? In choosing between direct observation, participant observation, immersion, or any form of field research in between, the choice ultimately comes down to the research situation. Different situations require different roles for the researcher. While one setting might call for direct observation, another might be better with immersion. There are no clear guidelines for making the choice on which method to use. The researcher must rely on his or her own understanding of the situation and use his or her own judgment. Methodological and ethical considerations must also come into play as a part of the decision. These things can often conflict, so the decision might be a difficult one and the researcher could find that his or her role limits the study. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

Rad Is An 11 Year Old Male Student With Parental...

Rad Korsaski is an 11-year old male student with parental instability and documented Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). After reviewing Rad’s records from previous schools, I learned Rad often missed school or skipped school. Even though Rad was disruptive and often inattentive, I could see he was smarter than his records indicated. Though Rad’s father and his record states he’d been diagnosed with ADHD, even with medication he often displayed significant difficulties with poor attention, impulsivity and overactive/inappropriate behaviors. Though having ADHD was a contributing factor to his conduct, Rad showed more frequently, and more severe rates of inappropriate behaviors than those exhibited by his peers. He is very†¦show more content†¦By incorporating both social interactions and situated learning – Rad will be able to become more involved in community of practices which exemplifies certain beliefs and behaviors to be attained. As Rad moves the peripheries of the community to its center, he will become more active and engaged within the school culture of generally refers to the beliefs, perceptions, relationships, attitudes, and written and unwritten rules that shape and influence every aspect of how a school functions, but the term also encompasses more concrete issues such as the physical and emotional safety of students, the orderliness of classrooms and public spaces; the degree to which Rad embraces diversity. Making Rad’s learning experience more of a situated learning experience, it will unintentionally rather than deliberately aid in redirection of negative behaviors, this strategy is also known as the process of legitimate peripheral participation (Constructivism. N.D.). Rad’s school culture will provide a foundation for the larger social culture results, which will influence Rad’s negative behavior to become positive behaviors from the conscious and unconscious perspectives, values, interactions, and practices. His social interaction and situated learning will be aided by our entire school staff in particular from his peers, teachers, administrators, and other staff members, as well as his parents. We all will contribute to Rad’s cultural

The Awakening and Womens Suffrage free essay sample

A paper which examines The Awakening by Kate Chopin and how far the feminist movement has advanced since its writing. The paper argues that although womans suffrage seems that it has come a long way since Kate Chopin wrote `The Awakening` almost two centuries ago, in fact nothing has really changed for women and they are still seen as subordinate to men in society. The paper examines the character of Edna in Chopins book and uses her to show that in the workplace, society, politics and education, womens subordination to men has remained despite superficial changes through the ages. `As a matter of fact, clothing shows how men manipulate women to their entertainment. Shorts, plunging necklines, tights, bikinis are all viewing delights to the male libido. Women may feel wanted when men express admiration, but that is all it is: a using. Women are a utility in and outside of the home and what is deplorable is that it even serves a deep need in women for adulation, not knowing that the adulation is skin-deep and passing. We will write a custom essay sample on The Awakening and Womens Suffrage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That is why clothing induces much frustration in women and they also refuse to confront this reality of subservience. Edna Pontellier feels this kind of bondage in her clothes too and so she removes them as a sign of her breaking out of womans bondage to clothes. She makes no excuses for what she really is, hidden behind thick and ornamented garments, and pursues her hearts desire.`

Should We Legalize Marijuana Essays (2897 words) - Cannabis

Should We Legalize Marijuana? It Is About Time Naim Jones South Suburban Community College Author Note This paper was prepared for Sociology 101, Section 002, taught by Professor Richardson. Abstract Already, we have brought "back around" old styles of fashion and music. Now, as more of our generation begins to enter the political world we are seeing a change in policies that have held firm for almost a century. More specifically, we are seeing a change in the attitude toward marijuana and whether or not it should be legalized. During the time of illegalization of marijuana, the drug had a vastly negative feeling associated with it, which many people now believe to be inaccurate and unfair. Now that people are more informed, more connected and more vocal, the United States government should allow and even encourage more research of the dangers and addictive nature of the drug which will assuredly legalize medical use and possibly recreational use to be nefit the people and the economy greatly. This paper will discuss many topics pertaining to marijuana. It will begin by explaining the history of marijuana in this country. Then it will discuss public opinion of marijua na and reasons for that opinion. Next, it will dispel false rumors about the effects of marijuana. It will then talk about a few disadvantages of marijuana. After it will counter those disadvantages with several advantages of marijuana. Next, it will discuss Colorado and Washington State's situation since legalizing marijuana recreationally. It will then inform the reader of the other states pursuing legalization of marijuana in some degree. Finally , it will conclude with Arkansas's take on marijuana and efforts to get it passed medically. Cannabis is a plant that is grown in many places thr oughout the world. It is a fast- growing plant that requires only eight to twelve weeks to mature. It chokes out most other plants grown around it and has a resistant to all but eight out of one hundred known pests. Cannabis is grown for two main reasons; for industrial hemp and for marijuana. Industrial hemp includes the seeds, stems, roots and all other parts of Cannabis except for the dried leaves. It has over 50,000 different product applications including: paper, textiles, biodegradable plastics, construction, health food, and fuel. Marijuana is the dried leaves of Cannabis that contains high-l evels of THC and can be used for many medical issues. THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), is the chemical in marijuana that is also produced naturally within the human brain and controls the influence of pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement . With such a lengthy list of versatile uses comes many questions all stemming from the bigger question, "What can marijuana do for us?". The answer will become evident by responding to the following questions: What is the history of marijuana in America? How does the American public view marijuana? What are the cons of using marijuana? Are there benefits from using marijuana? What has happened to states that have already legalized pot? Throughout time the U.S. government has put many sanctions and ignorant beliefs about marijuana in to the mainstream view of the American public. Times have changed and problems need solving, the legalization of marijuana is the answer to more than just a few of America's problems. What is the history of marijuana in America? As early as the 1600's hemp has existed in America. Back then, colonial farmers were forced to grow hemp to send back to England to be used in rope, sails, and clothing. It was not until the late nineteenth century that marijuana became popular for its medicinal uses. After the Mexican Revolution of 1910 the United States started to get its first flood of Hispanic immigrants. These immigrants introduced the possibility of using marijuana recreationally. Smoking marijuana really began to take off in the years leading up to the Great Depression. Due to this unfortunate timing, and the connection to Hispanic immigrants' marijuana caught a lot of blame for the increased unemployment and violence in America. By 1931 twenty-nine states had made marijuana illegal and that only increased until America entered World War II in the 1941. Following the start of the war

buy custom The Middle Ages essay

buy custom The Middle Ages essay The middle Ages is the period of European history from the fifth to fifteenth century. It comes after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and before the early modern era. The central middle ages witnessed important events in the long history of the church. This is the period when forms were cast that would eventually outline essential features of the Christian church through its entire life. The papacy which had been involved in scandals was awakened and made to assume active leadership roles. Due to the exhilaration of its awakening, the popes served the church effectively though divisions were soon evident. This paper will seek to discuss the guiding theological principles for developments of reforms and try to evaluate if the church and the society today is living with the consequences of these developments. The 11th century experienced a wave of reformers in the papacy that tried to introduce changes which brought about ecclesial authority. Several popes worked hard to reform the process by which elections were conducted in the church. They stamped out the vice of buying church offices and enforced celibacy for all priests. This consequently eliminated heirs to offices in the church. Among the popes who championed for these reforms were Leo, Calixtus and Gregory. Moreover, the church wanted to show a difference from the various European monarchs and bring itself out as a separate superior spiritual authority. It is thought that Pope Innocent enjoyed a superior authority that extended over various other worldly rulers in the peak of the papal authority. Leo was a key figure in developing reforms that aided in restoration of order in the monastic tradition. Amongst his recognized efforts were outlawing of simony and promotion of clerical celibacy. These reforms were supported by the popes who came after him where Pope Nicholas who facilitated the removal of pope appointing authority from the Roman Emperors and vested the authority in the cardinals (Halsall, 1996). Pope Gregory who had started reforms with Leo continued with the same reforms in England where he successfully promoted clerical celibacy and stumped out simony (Gonzales 286). Nonetheless, things were not smooth for Gregory as he experienced stiff resistance from Henry of Germany and Philip of France. Henry plundered and destroyed churches in open conflict with the Holy See. He continued with the vice of influencing elections of church leaders devoted to him. The French clergy with the backing of Phillip refused to comply with the reforms. Henry was excommunicated from the church severally (Coakley and Sterk 319-324). Conflict between the secular and church authorities continued. A structure was laid out by the Concordat of Worms by which elections of the bishops in Germany would be undertaken without any violence or simony and in presence of the Emperor (Halsall, 1996). The Emperor would then vest civil authority upon the bishops. Even so, division of power between the state and church would be realized where ecclesial authority signified by the ring and staff would be bestowed upon the clergy by the pope (Halsall, 1996). The vice of simony never ended as the battle for supremacy continued over the years where Emperor Barbarossa and his son Henry tried using their imperial power in influencing the election of pope. However, the cardinals had their way in electing a new pope Innocent after the death of Henry. Pope Innocent experienced the stature of papal power in the struggle that ensued between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Holy See. Soon after Innocent ascended to power, he set the tone for hi s sovereignty in a letter to the nobles of Tuscany and the perfect Acerbius in which according to Coakley he said just as the moon derives its light from the sun and is indeed lower than it in quantity and quality, in position and in power, so too the royal power derives the splendor of its dignity from the pontifical authority (319-324). Innocent prohibited usury in France where he declared that taxes would not be collected by feudal lords in churches and a person found disobeying this directive would be excommunicated. Innocent enormous power once came into the limelight when he pronounced an interdict against the whole of France after the French King Augustus married a third wife. Innocent succeeded in reversing the process as Augustuss nobles and bishops forced him not to marry the third wife (Gonzales 309). As much as Innocent was seen as a reformist, he also had his negative side. Ironically, Innocent is seen as condoning the same vice he was against. He named Otto as Holy Rom an Emperor after setting aside Fredrick. The churches today stand firmly in the above developments experienced in the central middle Ages. The catholic popes are still elected by cardinals and celibacy is practiced by priests. Though it is claimed that the powers of the state and the church are completely separate, spiritual leaders are known to give recommendations regarding political situations and these recommendations are used by Christians in making political choices. This is the main reason why in the run up to elections, candidates for the office of the president make advances towards conventional religious groups in an attempt to secure votes. There are also instances of selective use of government powers to enforce political detachment for religious institutions exempted from paying taxes. Buy custom The Middle Ages essay

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Paper Example Because the updating of the insurance form is very important, even a small error in the form could lead to big problems. So the updating process should carried out in a correct manner. Introduction: Medicare insurance is a governmental program offered to the elderly of the United States population, which has essential and inherent problems as the needs of the aged population grows. â€Å"Medicare is a centralized health insurance program that compensates for hospital and medical care for elderly and disabled US citizens† (Getting Started, n.d.). Many health organizations and common companies are using Medicare services and, therefore, companies use Medicare insurance for their employee’s health security. These organizations would need to get the updates and new information from the insurance company. So a permanent relation between both the parties is necessary. To get the updates from the insurance company, the employees should maintain permanent contacts with the comp any. Body: The situation in this case is that the billing assistant is sick and the manager has asked me to fill in. I decided to quickly review the office protocol for Medicare insurance billing. I noticed that a new form is now required and that the office is not currently following it. I brought this problem to the office manager’s attention. He asked me to update the office’s Medicare form.

Elements of a Contract for a business Research Paper

Elements of a Contract for a business - Research Paper Example Contracts make clear what each party’s expectations are, and what each party is ready to give in return for the expected results. Elements of a business contract are many e.g. the Parties of a contact, which are the entities that are involved in the agreement. There is also the Consideration, which states and explains what the involved parties stand to gain from the agreement or arrangement. Terms and Conditions of business contacts do stipulate the obligations and rights of each party. Competent Parties; the parties involved must also be competent ones since a contract can be considered invalid in case it can be conveyed that a party was not mentally competent at the time of the contract agreement and signing. A business contract has to be of or for a Legal Purpose so that it can be regarded as being valid (www.expertlaw.com). Consideration is what both parties give to the other as the approved price for the others promises. Regularly, but not a must, the consideration is the payment of cash. It can be anything valuable including the promise of not doing something, or to desist from applying some right. The payment does not need to be fair. The courts will not intercede where a party has made a hard negotiation unless unconscionable conduct, duress or fraud is involved. If the consideration is there, then I as the former employee to the fabulous hotel will have to compensate them in one way or the other. Together with the hotel, would agree on what the compensation should be (www.smallbusiness.wa.gov.au). With in a contract, only what has been offered can be accepted. This implies that the offer has to be accepted precisely as it has been offered without conditions. If any new terms are suggested, then they are considered to be a counter offer which can be rejected or accepted. There can be numerous offers and counter offers before an agreement is reached. Who makes the final offer is not significant;

The Effect of the Internet on the Newspaper Industry Essay Example for Free

The Effect of the Internet on the Newspaper Industry Essay The Effect of the internet on The Newspaper Industry’s Revenue Introduction            The newspaper industry is of late facing financial crisis as a result of the rising competition facilitated by news outlet on the global network, that is, the internet. The internet has changes of how people choose to access information. In 2012 eight major American newspaper were declared bankrupt. Having roughly 1400 newspapers countrywide, approximately half of them will go out of business by the end of the next decade. In between 2002 and 2009, average print circulation went down by 14. 5 percent. Over 85 percent of the newspaper revenues are usually precipitated from their advertisement sales. However, among the newspapers with subsidiary websites, the get a mean less than 10 percent of these revenues from their own web based content (Kirchhoff, pp. 2-4). The prime challenge facing the newsprint media is their incapability to make a profitable transition to their web based platforms.            I will explore on the challenges that the newsprint media face as they struggle to make a profitable transition. I will offer possible strategies that the newspaper industry can utilize in a near future. It is of vital importance that the content should follow in line with what the medium demands in order to succeed in the current growing frontier of the distribution of news. The print media has been dragging by slowly embracing the new internet based technology and they are yet to flourish in stepping the line between ancient print content and interactive multi-media demanded by online readers. So as to stay at par in the future, the print media must adopt a more modern user interface and business model that will be viable in link with online advertising policy standards.            Generally, advertising revenues hold the vast majority of income for newspaper industry. Unfortunately, since print circulation have declined and quite a number of readers are moving onto the internet platform, the advert sales have not travelled the same path. In fact, in the 1st quarter of 2010 revenues declined by over 25 percent, while the Pew Institute gives estimations that half of this was as a result of financial crisis, it is very unlikely that they will heal. There are 2 types of advertisement by which the newspaper based industry earn income. One involve the corporate advertisers trying to market and sell their services and products, and the other is the ads placed in the classified area, car and junk sales, personals and help wanted. The issue with both of this advertisement types is that they have already evolved in the internet platform without a print media, and as many newspapers try to venture into online play, they are limited in capturing majorit y of these advertisers back, since they have already moved into more preferable efficient methods.            Corporate advertisement allow selling of services by advertisers to invest heavily on search engine based promotions, search as Google who offer ways for investors to advertise themselves. Instead of buying ancient banner, businesses can pay for their ads to emerge from search results each time related keywords are entered into the engine. Also if a potential customer types in men’s shoes, not only will a company’s ads will pop up in the search results, but also the ads will emerge in margins of other related sites that he or she will visit, provided the websites that have subscribed to Google advertisement sales platform. This platform is unique as it cannot be compared to any media including print media. Most advertising platforms are operated via software engines like Bing and Google. The predicaments that the newspaper industry face are on the news portal that this web platform sites run. They can post headlines from internet of major news organiz ation companies, followed by a small by-line, which are then associated with advertisement on web pages.            The news print media feels feel that this possesses a short hand for them in attracting potential sponsors. Portal administrators maintain that these links help bring thousands of readers to the news sites on daily basis. Nonetheless, the newspaper industry should understand that advertisement on the internet platform is not as static as the print media. Online ads are not only interactive, but also offer instantaneous results since one can locate an e-book of interest and purchase it right away by just clicking a link. In the web platform everything is temporary and the up upcoming trend in promotion of services and products is not a funny lie, but a reality. Newspapers should adapt trend and meld it into their interface and content, increasing hyperlink and ad-words, including move embedded streamed videos, and selling in return (Kirchhoff, pp. 8-12). The core reason why newspapers’ internet platforms are not viable is because most of the outlets taking me rits do not understand that they can maintain their information bur are required to review their form to translate to the age level of interactive message(Postman, p. 111).            Classifieds play a huge impact on the decreasing profits advertisings on the web pages of print media. Averagely, classified ads sum up to 50 percent of ad revenue in the outdated news print media (Kirchhoff, p. 8). Most of this ads have migrated online to sites built for this types of ads and almost all offer products free of charge. For instance, sites like monsterjobs.com for job offers, Zillow.com for real-estate, and popular of all craiglist.org, a global non-profit site that is broke down into thousands of localized boards, and include advertising for everything from dancing classes, to lost pets, to single ads, to auto sales, and to the help wanted. It is pretty impossible for the newspaper print media to gain back this market online so as to harness it to generate income. People worldwide are too trenched into new cost free medium of classified ads to get back into an antiquated payment for space system. Because this new revenues are all but lost the newspa per with an online presence will have to look for new ways to generate remarkable profits (Curran, 2010).            The web platform media has its original unique culture. A culture that is usually driven by the availability of infinite content that is free to access. The ability to access the internet is seen as a great equalizer, spreading across economic, social and geographical boundaries to connect with people globally like never before. The availability of web free content in websites result into paywalls or subscriptions being met with solid resistance, especially when that content can be accessed from different web pages with no cost. It becomes a hard concept to embrace in an outlet which is entirely based around subscription. While some organizations have been subjected to limited success with this methods, it is a link with a kind of hybrid-setup, which melds both web and print, for instance, the New York Times.            Set-ups on e-readers, smartphones, tablets and phablets, give a very promising concept. Persons who own such devices and read books and novels are used to purchasing in order to download print content. By building up a subscription system that models itself after this, the newspaper industry online has a chance. Of recent Newsweek completely switched all its production and is now exclusively on the internet, with both subscription and free based content. Majority of subscribers are now set up via their e-readers and buy magazines through brokers like Amazon, since their minds are set up to paying for downloads and less resistance to online news subscription.            Newspapers are now an example of traditional media outlets. Every document from the print out, to the fonts, to the arrangements and layouts evokes an old-fashionable visual image with the reader. However, this does not translate well to the web. While transitioning it is not enough to just cut and paste the whole content to a web platform page, the web developers, editors, and designer should adjust to the demands of potential consumers. The ancient method of advertising driven income should be discarded and new ways should be brainstormed in the industry. The only way the news print media can survive in this internet age will be to innovate within the internet culture and guide them to the new trend of stumbling along behind it. References Curran, J. (2010). The future of journalism. Journalism Studies, 11(4), 464-476. Retrieved Nov. 14th, 2014, from the Communication and Mass Media Complete database. Kirchhoff, S. (2010). The US newspaper industry in transition. Journal of Current Issues in Media and Telecommunications, 2(1), 27-51. Retrieved 14th Nov, 2014, from the Communication and Mass Media Complete database. Postman, N. (1985). Amusing ourselves to death: public discourse in the age of show business. New York: Viking. Source document

Comets :: Essays Papers

Comets What is Cometography? Cometography is a four-volume project I have been working on since the mid-1970s. Jump-started by comet Kohoutek of 1973-1974, I began researching comets and immediately found myself becoming more and more intrigued by them. It was fascinating to read about comets that unexpectedly split, brightened, or faded. There were also interesting stories concerning the discovery circumstances of some comets, as well as tales about how comets affected cultures. As I continued reading I found that, back in 1967, the International Astronomical Union suggested that an up-to-date descriptive catalog of comets or "cometography" was needed. A committee was formed, but in 1970 it reported, according to the words of Brian Marsden, "that it would be very nice to have a cometography, but that the effort required to produce such a catalog was greater than the members of the committee could devote to it." Thus began my inspiration to research and write Cometography, a set of books devoted to adequately presenting the details of every comet seen in recorded history. The last complete work of this type was written by Alexander Guy Pingre. His two volumes, called Cometographie, were published in 1783 and 1784, but are now greatly out of date. Not only do they obviously lack the comets seen between 1784 and the present, but much of the original source material has been retranslated over the years, so that Pingre's work is now inaccurate in places. Since the time of Pingre, two other books have been published: Physical Characteristics of Comets, by S. K. Vsekhsvyatskii in 1958, and Comets: A Descriptive Catalog, by myself in 1984. Both of these books brought the 19th and 20th century comets to readers, but in a manner much more highly condensed than that of Pingre. They also only included those comets for which orbits had been computed. The vast portion of Pingre's work included comets for which orbits could not be determined, some of which have since been identified as previous, though poorly observed, appearances of Halley's comet, periodic c omet Swift-Tuttle, and periodic comet d'Arrest. Cometography brings back the lesser observed comets, with the intention of providing all necessary details that might help future astronomers establish new comet identity links. To aid in the accuracy of Cometography I have tried to avoid Pingre's books and the book of Vsekhsvyatskii. Comets :: Essays Papers Comets What is Cometography? Cometography is a four-volume project I have been working on since the mid-1970s. Jump-started by comet Kohoutek of 1973-1974, I began researching comets and immediately found myself becoming more and more intrigued by them. It was fascinating to read about comets that unexpectedly split, brightened, or faded. There were also interesting stories concerning the discovery circumstances of some comets, as well as tales about how comets affected cultures. As I continued reading I found that, back in 1967, the International Astronomical Union suggested that an up-to-date descriptive catalog of comets or "cometography" was needed. A committee was formed, but in 1970 it reported, according to the words of Brian Marsden, "that it would be very nice to have a cometography, but that the effort required to produce such a catalog was greater than the members of the committee could devote to it." Thus began my inspiration to research and write Cometography, a set of books devoted to adequately presenting the details of every comet seen in recorded history. The last complete work of this type was written by Alexander Guy Pingre. His two volumes, called Cometographie, were published in 1783 and 1784, but are now greatly out of date. Not only do they obviously lack the comets seen between 1784 and the present, but much of the original source material has been retranslated over the years, so that Pingre's work is now inaccurate in places. Since the time of Pingre, two other books have been published: Physical Characteristics of Comets, by S. K. Vsekhsvyatskii in 1958, and Comets: A Descriptive Catalog, by myself in 1984. Both of these books brought the 19th and 20th century comets to readers, but in a manner much more highly condensed than that of Pingre. They also only included those comets for which orbits had been computed. The vast portion of Pingre's work included comets for which orbits could not be determined, some of which have since been identified as previous, though poorly observed, appearances of Halley's comet, periodic c omet Swift-Tuttle, and periodic comet d'Arrest. Cometography brings back the lesser observed comets, with the intention of providing all necessary details that might help future astronomers establish new comet identity links. To aid in the accuracy of Cometography I have tried to avoid Pingre's books and the book of Vsekhsvyatskii.

From Bretton Woods to Global Finance

Eric Helleiner’s paper, â€Å"From Bretton Woods to Global Finance: A World Turned Upside Down,† discussed the major causes of the globalization of financial markets, were surprisingly attributed to the Bretton Woods system that opposed a liberal, international financial order. In addition, Helleiner also expounded how the states played an essential role in the globalization process despite the widely-believed fact that they were not major factors in the global development of financial markets.In general, the central issues discussed by the author were the actual processes of globalization and how com/the-causes-of-the-collapse-of-the-bretton-woods-system/">the Bretton Woods system brought about a global process that it never intended to create. His central argument was that the state played three major roles that caused the rise of global financial markets. In addition, he also argued that the Bretton Woods system unknowingly helped the creation of these markets due it s system of trade and finances. Before he outlined his arguments, he first discussed the process of the development of the Bretton Woods system.First was that capitals controls were established to protect the new macroeconomic planning mechanisms from speculative financial movements that could disrupt the equilibrium. Second, due the increase in expenditure, the state was not capable of allowing their citizens and corporations to move funds abroad to avoid being taxed. Third was that the local financial regulatory structures established during the 1930s and 1940s would collapse if the domestic borrowers and savers were given access to the markets of finance abroad.Lastly, the state had to be protected from â€Å"hot money† or illegal transactions and financial flows that were caused by political motives and moves towards legislation. Meaning to say, under the Bretton Woods system, access to international or foreign markets were limited during that time because it did not bene fit the state as much as it did the foreign markets. In addition, the system also believed that a liberal financial order was not compatible with system of exchange rates and liberal trading system that were considered as highly stable.Speculative or uncertain financial flows were one of the major causes of disturbances in foreign exchange rates. In trade, capital movements threatened to force painful and adverse adjustments on the current account which was less flexible and as a result would raise the demands for protectionist measures. In other words, financial liberalism was sacrificed in order to pave the way for a liberal trading order and stable exchange rate that were vital to the growth and development of a country.However, the Bretton Woods system was significantly changed after the globalization of financial markets. Helleiner noted that that the post possible causes of the emergence of global financial markets were market pressure and the significant advancements in techn ology. In terms of technology, the various advancements and creation of highly sophisticated devices made moving money around the world much easier and less costly. In terms of market however, Helleiner noted five causes.These included: the restoration of the market confidence and the assurance that international financial transactions were safe; the swift expansion in the demand for international services in the market which happened alongside the growth of multinational corporations; the OPEC states’ deposition of major surplus funds in international banking markets; the beginning of floating exchange rates which prompted markets to diversify their assets; and the last was that conservative local markets pressured the financial operators to the international stage in order to keep up with the rising competition in the domestic markets.Although Helleiner did not discount the roles that technology and market pressure played in the globalization process, he also argued that th e states also played key roles. These roles are: the states’ failure to implement effective controls, its liberalization activities, and the prevention of major financial crisis. He noted that during that time, when the U. S.rejected abolished the Bretton Woods system of capital controls and created a liberal financial order, European countries and Japan, failed to implement control measures that would counteract America’s new stance due to the major costs it entailed. As a result, most countries also adopted a more liberal financial order similar to the U. S. The states’ second role, which was the liberalization of the market, Helleiner argued, involved the enabling of domestic banks and corporations to operate offshore or internationally.This eventually disrupted the fixed and controlled exchange rates that were established by the Bretton Woods system. Lastly, Helleiner claimed that the states prevention of major financial crises, such as the United States res cue of the Franklin National Bank in 1974 and Mexican debt in1982, eventually paved the way for countries, which were regulated by the Bretton Woods system of capital controls, to embrace a more liberal financial system in order to avert a crisis.In short, Helleiner vividly illustrated how the Bretton Woods system contributed to its own undowing. In general, all of the author’s points were very true as Helleiner made use of actual historical events to substantiate his claims. While the Bretton Woods system of capital controls was effective during that time, it only had temporary effects. Today, the market is too diverse and too flexible to be controlled by a single regulating system.Moreover, I also believe the fact that the states, due to their dependency on international financial flows during that time, unknowingly played crucial roles in the globalization of financial markets, which eventually resulted in a free market that is being enjoyed by most parts of the world toda y. In addition, I also believe that international trade and globalization are essential factors in the growth and development of any country because it involves penetrating markets all over the world.In short, the Bretton Woods system can be considered truly obsolete and should never be implemented again especially today as the global market is highly volatile and is subject to various changes. The placement of capital controls under the Bretton Woods system also means limiting the capabilities of the market, which would prove to be disadvantageous in the future. References Helleiner, E. (2007). From Bretton Woods to Global Finance: A World Turned

Essay on Colonial Rule in Africa - 2149 Words

The African continent is one of the biggest land masses on the planet. With its massive population, tremendous natural resources, and rich cultural history, one has to wonder why any country in the continent holds a third world status. The amount of corruption and poverty within many states in Africa is astounding, and in order to unearth the reasons for the state of many African nations today one must go back to the late nineteenth century to when Africa was partitioned by the major European powers of the time. By drawing arbitrary lines on a map of Africa, the western powers effectively changed the course of African history and set the stage for intense exploitation and domination of the African people. One could argue that the western†¦show more content†¦With the transition being made from human trafficking to natural products, the wars and raids fought to gain slaves had ceased, thus ushering a new era of peace and stability. Consequently, the switch to natural product s connected them to the world market, bringing in capitalism and spreading the wealth throughout some of the rural areas. With their newfound peace and economic wealth, many African states were in a position to set up legitimate governments and write their own constitution. For instance, the Fante Confederation in Ghana in 1868 had written a constitution stating how the upper offices were to be run, established legislative, executive and judicial branches, and even wrote provisions for the development for roads, education, and their natural resources. There was also the Egba Board of Management in Nigeria in 1865, and the Kingdom of Grebo in Liberia, all of them experimenting with constitution and self rule. The advancements the African population had made was done in vain, becuase in November 1884, every single Western nation met in Berlin except for Switzerland and the United States for a conference under the leadership of the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Not a single Afri can ruler was present, and it was here that various European nations staked their claim on the dark continent, and did soShow MoreRelatedEssay on Resistance to Colonial Rule in Africa1041 Words   |  5 PagesBy the start of the 20th century, Colonial rule by both the French and the British in Southern Africa had rising expenditure costs. The British method of indirect rule in their colonies, created by Frederick Lugard to leave existing government as it is, had far lower costs than the French method of direct rule. Nonetheless taxation stood as the universal method of keeping all colonies cheap and straightforwardly ran. African’s disgust with a white man telling them to pay for the white man’s endeavorsRead MoreBioliographic Information on Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa by Martin Klein1117 Words   |  5 PagesBibliographic Information: Klein, Martin A., Slavery And Colonial Rule in French West Africa, 1998, Cambridge University Press The book bears importance in being one of the few studies about domestic slavery within the French West Africa. It contributes to the field of study, by elaborating on the importance of slavery in Senegal, Sudan and Guinea in Africa’s development. The period of the study lies from 1876 to 1922, wherein Klein ultimately shows the evolution of slavery. In the years prior toRead MoreThe Great Divide : How And Why The Apartheid Differ From Colonial Rule1438 Words   |  6 PagesDIFFERED FROM TYPICAL COLONIAL RULE â€Æ' It is a well-known fact that during European colonial rule, Africans were exposed to a multitude of injustices including warfare, slavery, and the occupation of their lands by European invaders. In retrospect, the ashes of traditional African societies are what built thriving European-owned African mining, agricultural and rubber economies. But nothing that Africa had previously suffered was quite like the apartheid, which South Africa was exposed to fromRead MoreThe Republic of Zimbabwe1750 Words   |  7 PagesThe Republic of Zimbabwe, formerly known as Southern Rhodesia under British colonial rule, obtained independence in February of 1980 through free parliamentary elections, formally recognizing the country of Zimbabwe as an independent sovereign state. The orchestrators of the revolutionary rebellion of Black Zimbabweans against minority rule were the two major African nationalist groups: Zimbabwean African National Union (ZANU), lead by Robert Mugabe, and Joshua Nkomoâ€℠¢s Zimbabwe African People’s UnionRead MoreThe Different Impact Of Colonialism968 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Colonialism Africa has been impacted many ways throughout history such as the struggles of the slave trade, independence from colonialism, economic and political development. The colonization of Africa played many roles when it came to the impact of Africans. Erik Gilbert, Jonathan Reynolds, A. Adu Boahen have addressed the impact and issues of Africa in books such as Africa in World History and African Perspectives on European Colonialism. The Scramble for Africa became such a big dealRead MoreThe Political Position Of Developed Western Countries847 Words   |  4 Pagesfinancial position of developed western countries. In more ways than one Thomson further proves that even before colonial rule the westernised developed countries exploited Africans, be it for their labour, draining the capital of underdeveloped states among other things. â€Å"Examining the issue of labour exploitation first, the west began to take advantage of Africans even before colonial rule was established† (Thomso n, 2000: 19). To further use Thomson’s writing in order to examine the case study I willRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1462 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican cultures and the socio-economic changes that characterized the colonial era. Ideally, Achebe’s literary work shows clearly that the colonization, introduction of a foreign religion and foreign cultures threatened to tear apart the indigenous cultures of the Igbo people (Achebe, 154). Again, Achebe effectively draws the parallels between the two eras by offering the picture of the Igbo society just before and during the colonial invasion. More importantly, the aspects of Igbo society that sufferedRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Indirect Rule on Africans Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesIndirect rule was a system of ruling Africans that sought not to displace African authority, but instead to rule through it. It was first used by the British and later adopted by other European powers after they witnessed its success. Indi rect rule is largely considered a more humane alternative to its counterpart, direct rule, which placed colonial powers in charge of all aspects of African administration. Despite this, there were numerous problems with indirect rule in both theory and in practiceRead MoreThe Geographic, Political, and Ethnic Impact European Colonialism Has Played on the Present History of Africa 1486 Words   |  6 Pagesfailures in Africa can be traced back to the advent of colonialism. There is a great deal of evidence that illustrates the impact that colonialism and foreign intervention has had a negative effect on the development of present history of Africa. This essay will attempt to examine the geographic, political and ethnic impact European colonialism has played on the development of the African, and how these contributions have put Africa on its current trajectory. Initial European interest in Africa appearedRead MorePhotography During Colonial Afric An Indispensable Tool That Provided Justification For Colonial Rule920 Words   |  4 Pages Photography in colonial Africa provided vulnerable visual texts that trapped Africans in space and time1. This art became an indispensable tool that provided justification for instituting colonization in Africa. During that time period, photography became a mechanism for constraining Africans and their surroundings to the idea of primitiveness, devoid of any progress towards ‘modernity’. Equally important, colonial photography, if not always, took a distanced approach in capturing Africans